The India–Nepal boundary in the western Himalayan region, particularly around Kalapani, Lipulekh, and Limpiyadhura, has long been a subject of differing interpretations. The status of this region is grounded in historical records, cartographic evidence, and uninterrupted administrative continuity exercised since independence. The Indian position is that these areas are an integral part of Uttarakhand and have been consistently administered as such. The foundation of India’s c